History

Civil War

Civil War

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  • Create Date：2021-04-20 13:53:55
  • Update Date：2025-09-06
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  • Author：Gaius Julius Caesar
  • ISBN：0674997034
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Summary

Caesar （C。 Iulius， 102 44 BC）， statesman and soldier， defied the dictator Sulla; served in the Mithridatic wars and in Spain; entered Roman politics as a democrat against the senatorial government; was the real leader of the coalition with Pompey and Crassus; conquered all Gaul for Rome; attacked Britain twice; was forced into civil war; became master of the Roman world; and achieved wide-reaching reforms until his murder。 We have his books of "commentarii" （notes）: eight on his wars in Gaul from 58 52 BC， including the two expeditions to Britain in 55 54， and three on the civil war of 49 48。 They are records of his own campaigns （with occasional digressions） in vigorous， direct， clear， unemotional style and in the third person， the account of the civil war being somewhat more impassioned。

This edition of the "Civil War" replaces the earlier Loeb Classical Library edition by A。 G。 Peskett （1914） with new text， translation， introduction， and bibliography。 In the Loeb Classical Library edition of Caesar， Volume I is his "Gallic War"; Volume III consists of "Alexandrian War，" "African War，" and "Spanish War，" commonly ascribed to Caesar by our manuscripts but of uncertain authorship。"

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Reviews

Richard Calderon ，

One of the best history books I've ever read。 Five star read。⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ One of the best history books I've ever read。 Five star read。⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 。。。more

Dave Harmon ，

the battle of Pharsalus should have gone to Pompey。 obviously the devil worked an anti-miracle that day。 - sometimes evil wins。

Chris Linehan ，

On the whole there is no doubt as to why this is a classic of Western Literature。 It details， vividly and copiously a pivotal figure in a pivotal part of history that drastically changed the course of world history。 Had Pompey won， who knows how the Roman republic would have evolved and Rome could have played a lesser part in the course of events。 At times the account is riveting and exciting。 Often though it’s detailed nature makes it a dull and tedious read。 I’m sure that there are innumerable On the whole there is no doubt as to why this is a classic of Western Literature。 It details， vividly and copiously a pivotal figure in a pivotal part of history that drastically changed the course of world history。 Had Pompey won， who knows how the Roman republic would have evolved and Rome could have played a lesser part in the course of events。 At times the account is riveting and exciting。 Often though it’s detailed nature makes it a dull and tedious read。 I’m sure that there are innumerable numbers of readers that would disagree with me and will have found the passages describing the engineering feats and tactical explanations of the battles to be just as captivating as the political intrigue that I gravitate towards。 My mind has a difficult time envisioning these events and so I glossed over when in those many passages and found that I had to force myself to pay close attention to keep up with the minutiae of diary。 But， give unto Caesar what is his， the man writes a good propaganda！ And as a history nerd， there is still a lot in this that is fascinating。 。。。more

Illiterate ，

Hail Caesar。 Harbinger of peace。 Benevolent liberator。

David P ，

Mucho menos atractivo， a mi modo de ver， que el libro de los Comentarios de la Guerra de las Galias。 Mientras que este era una mezcla de diario de batallas y diario de viajes （en el que César visita y describe lugares de la Galia y de Britania a los que antes no habían llegado los romanos）， el libro de la Guerra Civil es básicamente un diario de batallas， mezclado con mucha propaganda política。 Aún así， un documento histórico de grandísimo valor。

Vladimiro Sousa ，

lock down， raining day， nothing to do， it was a perfect combination！

M。A。 ，

Worthy of the time。

inka ，

This is a big flex， Jules。

Dennis Murphy ，

The Civil War by Gaius Julius Caesar is a simple and direct primary document。 Caesar writes in the third person， and feigns a sense of distance between himself and the campaign。 He does not come across as a blowhard， and avoids the sense of self-aggrandizement that may be expected from a work like this， but it is clear that there is a vein of self-justification running through the entire project - particularly when it comes to showing his policy of Clemency and denying that he wanted any part in The Civil War by Gaius Julius Caesar is a simple and direct primary document。 Caesar writes in the third person， and feigns a sense of distance between himself and the campaign。 He does not come across as a blowhard， and avoids the sense of self-aggrandizement that may be expected from a work like this， but it is clear that there is a vein of self-justification running through the entire project - particularly when it comes to showing his policy of Clemency and denying that he wanted any part in a civil war。 Its not "bad，" but it is not something I would find too trustworthy， nor something I feel all that happy about having read。 Plutarch is worth reading every page， but Caesar's work here should probably be left to the Classicists。 73/100 。。。more

Dan Schulz ，

And he can write？

Emilio Apestegui ，

Caesar clearly wrote for propaganda。 Excellent account from one of the greatest generals/politicians/capitalists in history， but a fair bit of self-promotion and marketing is involved in his works。

Book collector ，

Caesar's （and others） account of the Roman civil war is a fascinating read。 A must for those interested in military history。 Caesar's （and others） account of the Roman civil war is a fascinating read。 A must for those interested in military history。 。。。more

Gregor Schafroth ，

It's amazing that we have the writings of such a person like Julius Caesar， telling us about events and battles such long time ago。 Even in the English translation the language is clear and precise。However when it comes to the content of the book I found much of it to be a bit repetitive， so I think for those of us who are not using it to study Latin a summary （or book with more information about context） can also be a good choice。 It's amazing that we have the writings of such a person like Julius Caesar， telling us about events and battles such long time ago。 Even in the English translation the language is clear and precise。However when it comes to the content of the book I found much of it to be a bit repetitive， so I think for those of us who are not using it to study Latin a summary （or book with more information about context） can also be a good choice。 。。。more

Favio Villaseñor ，

i really found myself immersed in Caesar's narrative; for he is good delivering both great descriptions of what was happening and the purposes behind his and ther enemies' acts。something i really didnt like was that the translation makes effort to make specific names trivial by using obtuse words wich can turn enjoyable battle descriptions in word-meaning research。it actually very possible that most of it， while written as an "objetive" recount of the Civil war， be blended up to uncertain level i really found myself immersed in Caesar's narrative; for he is good delivering both great descriptions of what was happening and the purposes behind his and ther enemies' acts。something i really didnt like was that the translation makes effort to make specific names trivial by using obtuse words wich can turn enjoyable battle descriptions in word-meaning research。it actually very possible that most of it， while written as an "objetive" recount of the Civil war， be blended up to uncertain level of Caesar's propaganda and deliver only what he wanted （or thought） to be true。at last， i must say， that what i found more appealing was the detailed descriptions of engineering works made as means to archive victory， from changing rivers curse to set enemies suffer of thirst to use the natural terrain to build fortresses that render them unable to gather resources。 。。。more

Asgrimur Hartmannsson ，

The Romans skulked around in Europe， killing people。This is what people did for fun before smartphones。

Bmanakicloud。Com ，

Really enjoyed this - amazing insight into history

Paul Fillingham ，

The main part of the book written by the man himself is very interesting。 If your interested in ancient Roman history this is one of the books you must read。

Juliet Smith ，

This is Julius Caesar's accounts of the Civil War he fought against Pompey， supplemented by pieces written by lieutenants。 While Caesar's section and the Alexandrian War are fairly easy to comprehend， the African War and the Spanish War are both confusing and repetitive。 However， this book is worth reading in order to understand the events of the Civil War。 This is Julius Caesar's accounts of the Civil War he fought against Pompey， supplemented by pieces written by lieutenants。 While Caesar's section and the Alexandrian War are fairly easy to comprehend， the African War and the Spanish War are both confusing and repetitive。 However， this book is worth reading in order to understand the events of the Civil War。 。。。more

Gün ，

Kitap， Cumhuriyet'in son döneminde yaşanan iç savaşa dair Sezar'ın kendi kaleminden yazdıklarından oluşuyor。 Dönem olarak， iç savaşın tamamını değil ancak en kritik dönemi kapsayacak şekilde， Sezar'ın Galya'yı fethinden sonra， M。Ö。 Ocak 49'da Rubicon'u geçerek Roma'ya yürümesi ile başlayıp， Pompeius Magnus'un M。Ö。 Eylül 48'de İskenderiye'de öldürülmesi ile noktalanıyor。Tabi Sezar yine Comentarii'nın ilk cildi olan "Notlar-Galya Savaşı Üzerine" adlı diğer eserinde olduğu gibi， bu eserini de daha Kitap， Cumhuriyet'in son döneminde yaşanan iç savaşa dair Sezar'ın kendi kaleminden yazdıklarından oluşuyor。 Dönem olarak， iç savaşın tamamını değil ancak en kritik dönemi kapsayacak şekilde， Sezar'ın Galya'yı fethinden sonra， M。Ö。 Ocak 49'da Rubicon'u geçerek Roma'ya yürümesi ile başlayıp， Pompeius Magnus'un M。Ö。 Eylül 48'de İskenderiye'de öldürülmesi ile noktalanıyor。Tabi Sezar yine Comentarii'nın ilk cildi olan "Notlar-Galya Savaşı Üzerine" adlı diğer eserinde olduğu gibi， bu eserini de daha çok kendi siyasi propagandası amacıyla kaleme alsa da， buradaki her satırda sürekli bir meşruiyet arayışı içinde olduğunu hissetmek mümkün çünkü bu sefer Galya'da olduğu gibi Keltlerin， Cermenlerin değil， kendi yurttaşlarının kanını dökeceğinin farkında。 Bu nedenle， eserin bir tür savunma ve aklanma çabası olarak， Senato ve aristokratların Sezar’a başka çare bırakmaması üzerine， iç savaşı başlatmasınının meşruiyetini Romalı yurttaşlar nezdinde sağlamak amacıyla yazıldığını söylemek mümkün。 Sezar Cumhuriyet'teki yozlaşma ve çürümenin farkında ve bir siyasetçi olarak bu yozlaşmayı da kendi lehine kullanmaktan hiç bir zaman çekinmiyor。 Tiber kenarında küçük bir köy olarak kurulan Roma'nın Batı'da Atlas Okyanusu'na， Kuzey'de Manş Denizi'ne kadar dayanan çağın en büyük örgütlü gücünün artık birkaç aile tarafından yönetilemeyecek kadar büyüdüğünü görüyor。 Ancak kitapta savunduğu üzere， istemeden de olsa başlattığı iç savaşı bitirmeye kendi ömrü de yetmiyor。İç savaşta， her iki taraf da （optimates ve populares） kozlarını karşı tarafı tartarak oynuyor ancak aristokrasi tarafı， Sezar'ı ve elini hafife alarak hata yapıyor， bir poker oyunu gibi， adım adım restleşmenin sonucunda Cumhuriyetin yıkımına kadar gidecek 30 yıllık bir süreç başlamış oluyor。 Tabi bu süreci başlatanın tek başına Sezar olduğunu söylemek yanlış olur， konuyu Sulla'ya ve Marius reformlarına kadar götürmek mümkün。 Yine de cumhuriyete son çivilerin çakıldığı süreç， tam olarak bu dönemde başlıyor。 Bu süreci özetlemek gerekirse: Galya’nın fethinden sonra， ordusunu terhis etmeden， şehre girmeden konsül adayı olmasına izin verilmesini isteyen Sezar'a karşılık， Senato sivil bir vatandaş olarak Roma'ya gelmezse adaylığının kabul edilmeyeceğini bildiriyor。 Tabi burada asıl niyet Sezar'ın "imperium" yetkisinden sıyrılmasını sağlayarak， yargılanmak istenmesi。 Sezar， son 8 yılını， eyaletinde， şehirden uzakta geçirse de Roma siyasetini gün be gün takip edecek kadar duruma hakim ve Senato'nun asıl niyetinin farkında。 Bu nedenle， ordularını terhis etmeyi reddederek， eğer ordular dağıtılacaksa， eski ortağı， dönemin İspanya valisi ve aristokrasinin şampiyonu olarak öne çıkartılan Pompeius'un da aynısını yapmasını teklif ediyor。 Aristokrasinin bu isteğe şiddetle karşı çıkarak， Sezar'ı halk düşmanı ilan etmesi ise， Sezar'ın ordu ile geçilmesi kanunen yasaklanmış olan Rubicon ırmağını， 13。 lejyonla ile birlikte geçerek İtalya’ya yürümesi ve böylece iç savaşı başlatmasına neden oluyor。 Bundan sonrasını merak edenler， kendilerine bir iyilik yaparak tüm dünya tarihini şekillendiren bu dönemi， başrol oyuncusunun kendi satırlarından okusunlar， konuya ilgisi olanlar zaten okumuştur， ben de merak eden okuyucuya tavsiye edeyim。 Son olarak， çeviriye ve kitabın edisyonuna değinmeden olmaz。 Çevirmen Samet Özgüler， Comentarii'nın ilk cildinde olduğu gibi， yine bir editör gibi çalışmış， her türlü saygıya ve övgüye değer bir iş çıkarmış。 Latince aslından ilk kez tercüme edilen bu eseri， güzel bir Türkçe ile dilimize kazandırmasının yanı sıra， yine ekler ve sayfalarca açıklayıcı dipnotlarla zenginleştirmiş。 Sezar'ın rakiplerinin iş bilmezliğini ve kendi becerikliliğini vurgulamak amacıyla metnin bazı yerlerine serpiştirdiği kısacık göndermeleri ve nükteleri açıklayarak， konunun daha iyi anlaşılmasına yardımcı olmuş。 Kitaptaki eklerden ilki， MÖ 59-49 arası dönemde yaşanan patrici / pleb gerilimleri ile iç savaşın toplumsal alt yapısını ve sonrasını anlatan 60 sayfalık bir giriş bölümü， burada Sulla dönemine de değiniliyor ve Sezar'ın Rubicon'u geçmesinin neden önemli olduğu aktarılıyor。 Kitabın sonunda ise， iç savaşta taraf olan， eserde adı geçen şahısların tek tek tanıtıldığı， Sezar'la olan ihtilaflarının veya işbirliklerinin nerede başladığı， nerede bittiği， savaştan sonraki akıbetlerinin tek tek anlatıldığı 30 sayfalık bir başka eke yer verilmiş。 Tahmin edeceğiniz üzere， bu ekte ve dolayısıyla kitapta adı geçen şahısların bir çoğu， Yunanistan’da， Pharsalus'ta， İskenderiye'de， Afrika'da veya İspanya'da savaş esnasında sahneden çekiliyor veya Cassius， Brutus gibi Sezar'a boyun eğiyor ancak 4 yıl sonra suikastını organize ediyorlar。 Son olarak iç savaşa giden taşları döşeyen Sulla tarafından diktatörlüğü süresince çıkartılan yasalar （Lex Cornelia） dahi， bir başka ek ile açıklanmış。 。。。more

Emilie ，

Not bad if you’re into war

M ，

One gets a sincere appreciation for the sophistication of the civil war struggle and its political ideas from reading this contemporaneous recordation of events。 It also makes clear that the end result was in no way a fait accompli and the civil war could have been lost by Caesar （almost was but for the leadership of Caesar himself）。

Scott ，

Caesar doesn’t discuss the political background to the war at all， starting his book with the outbreak of hostilities。 As one of the combatants， he’s clearly presenting his own slant on things but still seems to be presenting as factual a case as he can。 His narrative ends with Pompey’s defeat and subsequent assassination; the Penguin version of the book includes continuations of the action by three anonymous writers who all seem to have been active in Caesar’s army， bringing events up to Caesar Caesar doesn’t discuss the political background to the war at all， starting his book with the outbreak of hostilities。 As one of the combatants， he’s clearly presenting his own slant on things but still seems to be presenting as factual a case as he can。 His narrative ends with Pompey’s defeat and subsequent assassination; the Penguin version of the book includes continuations of the action by three anonymous writers who all seem to have been active in Caesar’s army， bringing events up to Caesar’s final victory as well as making the reader appreciate Caesar’s abilities as a writer – while the narrative covering events in Egypt is close to Caesar’s in quality， the other two definitely have their defects。 。。。more

Mihai ，

An interesting book in historical sense， but of limited practical use for a modern person outside of the military。

Legens ，

Readable and elegantly written account of a dramatic period in history。 Unfortunately， the translation I read is very pro-Caesar （and also obscures some of Caesar’s obvious biases toward his own side）。

Manuel Garcia ，

INteresante; como decía mi padre， una sucesión de partes militares。 POr lo demás， tb interesante que César sea tan claramente "El bueno"， pero después de todo， él escribió la historia。。。 :-） INteresante; como decía mi padre， una sucesión de partes militares。 POr lo demás， tb interesante que César sea tan claramente "El bueno"， pero después de todo， él escribió la historia。。。 :-） 。。。more

Fabian ，

Courage， strengh， honor， values， skin in the game， ambition， vision。 All can be found in this great book。 This book should be an required reading for every statesman worldwide， they should put real skin in the game like Julius did for the politics they play。

Michael Boylan ，

An important book for those interested in （a） military history and （b） the developing Roman Empire。

Evan Gatchell ，

Very strategic and dry， but interesting to see the problems and perspectives of a mind like Caesar's。 Very strategic and dry， but interesting to see the problems and perspectives of a mind like Caesar's。 。。。more

Jim ，

Julius Caesar's commentaries on the Civil War between him and Pompey are more diffuse than his earlier work on the Gallic Wars。 They take place all around the Mediterranean， including some locales where Caesar was not personally present。 It is more difficult to follow because， unless one knows the chief officers on both sides， one is not always sure whether one is reading about Caesar's forces or those of Pompey。 Julius Caesar's commentaries on the Civil War between him and Pompey are more diffuse than his earlier work on the Gallic Wars。 They take place all around the Mediterranean， including some locales where Caesar was not personally present。 It is more difficult to follow because， unless one knows the chief officers on both sides， one is not always sure whether one is reading about Caesar's forces or those of Pompey。 。。。more

Jesús De la Jara ，

"Gneo Domicio， prefecto de la caballería， que rodeaba a Curión con unos pocos jinetes， le exhorta a que busque la salvación en la huida y se dirija al campamento， y le promete no apartarse de su lado。 Pero Curión， asegurando que jamás volverá a presencia de César habiendo perdido el ejército que aquél había confiado a su lealtad， muere peleando。"Otro relato preciso， minucioso y a la vez trepidante de Julio César。 Esta vez sobre la legendaria Guerra Civil que mantuvo contra Gneo Pompeyo， su antig "Gneo Domicio， prefecto de la caballería， que rodeaba a Curión con unos pocos jinetes， le exhorta a que busque la salvación en la huida y se dirija al campamento， y le promete no apartarse de su lado。 Pero Curión， asegurando que jamás volverá a presencia de César habiendo perdido el ejército que aquél había confiado a su lealtad， muere peleando。"Otro relato preciso， minucioso y a la vez trepidante de Julio César。 Esta vez sobre la legendaria Guerra Civil que mantuvo contra Gneo Pompeyo， su antiguo amigo de guerra。 César empieza con esta guerra a controlar de manera más avasalladora a toda Roma imponiendo con la fuerza de sus ejércitos más que con la propia justicia su derecho al poder entre sus contemporáneos。Victorioso de la conquista de la región conocida como Galia， tras distintas órdenes de parte del Senado Romano que Julio César toma como ataques a su persona para impedir que sea elegido cónsul decide romper con la oficialidad romana y cruzar el Rubicón al mando de sus legiones aunque desposeído de varias de ellas。 Por su parte Pompeyo que contaba con el apoyo legal decide retirarse con una buena parte del ejército rumbo a Asia considerando que gran parte del pueblo empieza a ponerse de parte de César y sus filas van disminuyendo por la deserción de los soldados。Y así empieza esta real guerra civil en la cual César lucha en diferentes frentes， tanto en Roma （Italia）， Hispania （España）， Grecia， Asia y Egipto。 Por su parte Pompeyo no se queda atrás en táctica aunque parece inferior a su oponente。 El gran prestigio ganado por él durante las guerras contra los piratas y en Hispania hace que muchas de las colonias romanas lo apoyen。 Y así César desde su punto de vista cuenta cómo la guerra para él es muy difícil de hacer y siempre carece de medios aunque obviamente hay una parcialidad de su parte。 A pesar de eso se puede decir que el relato de César es bastante verídico y poco exagerado en general。Las miserias de la guerra civil no están ausentes， muchos de los que apoyaron a César se pusieron del lado de su enemigo como Tito Lavieno， gran general que lo había ayudado durante la Guerra de las Galias en toda la campaña， pero que esta vez deseará su cabeza。 Soldados abandonando a Pompeyo， ambos dando discursos para alentar a sus hombres， la escasez de recursos， las maquinarias construidas a pulso por los soldados de César con el fin de cercar a Pompeyo， los saqueos a las ciudades， los cupos y los impuestos， las traiciones de algunas facciones， la crueldad y clemencia en ambos bandos， todo es pintado con un realismo importante pero también con la visión del militar y estadista。Qué mejor que esta guerra contada por el mismo César que nos permite descubrir y sentirnos como si estuviésemos en el mismo lugar de los hechos en una terrible contienda donde era necesario aniquilar todas las fuerzas del enemigo， donde los generales preferían suicidarse a tener que acabar en derrota， ambos bandos correr por sus vidas cuando eran presas del terror， en fin， todas las emociones humanas en esta épica guerra。En verdad me gustó más "La Guerra de las Galias" pero aunque más corto e incompleto este escrito mantiene el estilo y la atracción por acabar las páginas de esta parte de la historia。 。。。more

Reference

google book https://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&q=Civil War

hathitrust digital library https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/ls?q1=Civil War&field1=ocr&a=srchls&ft=ft&lmt=ft

The British Library https://bll01.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?query=any,contains,Civil War&tab=LibraryCatalog&search_scope=Not_BL_Suppress&vid=44BL_INST:BLL01&lang=en&offset=0